Appetite Suppressants: What They Are Types Effectiveness

Appetite Suppressants: What They Are, Types & Effectiveness


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Appetite Suppressants

Appetite suppressants are medications or supplements designed to reduce hunger and food intake, aiding weight loss efforts.



Overview

These products work by altering brain chemistry or digestive processes to decrease appetite. They can be prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) formulas, or natural extracts like fiber supplements.


What are appetite suppressants?

Appetite suppressants are substances that reduce hunger signals in the body. They may target neurotransmitters such as serotonin or dopamine to promote satiety and curb cravings.


Types of appetite suppressants

Prescription medications: Phentermine, liraglutide (Saxenda).
Over-the-counter supplements: Green tea extract, glucomannan.
Natural options: Fiber-rich foods, protein powders.


How do appetite suppressants work?

Possible mechanisms include increasing metabolism, slowing stomach emptying, or modulating brain signals that control hunger. Some block fat absorption in the intestines.


Who can use appetite suppressants?

Typically recommended for individuals with a BMI ≥30 (obese) or ≥27 (overweight with comorbidities). A healthcare provider must evaluate suitability and monitor usage.


Risks / Benefits

What are the advantages of appetite suppressants?

Aid in weight loss when combined with diet/exercise.
May improve conditions like hypertension or type 2 diabetes by reducing obesity risks.


What are the side effects of appetite suppressants?

Risk includes insomnia, nausea, increased heart rate, and dependency. Severe cases may involve cardiovascular strain or mental health issues.


Are appetite suppressants safe?

Safety depends on type and usage. Prescription drugs require medical supervision to minimize risks. OTC options vary in efficacy and regulation.


Safety of over-the-counter (OTC) appetite suppressants

Some OTC products are FDA-regulated, but effectiveness varies. Ingredients like caffeine or bitter orange may cause side effects without proven long-term benefits.


When To Call the Doctor

When should I see my healthcare provider if I’m taking an appetite suppressant?

If experiencing persistent nausea, dizziness, or chest pain.
In case of rapid heartbeat or mood changes like anxiety/depression.
To discuss long-term use beyond 12 weeks for prescription medications.


A note from Cleveland Clinic

Appetite suppressants should be part of a broader weight management plan. Lifestyle adjustments remain critical even with medication support.


Care at Cleveland Clinic

Providers offer personalized approaches combining pharmacotherapy, nutrition counseling, and behavioral strategies for sustainable results.


References

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Obesity Treatment: Prescription Medications.
Cleveland Clinic. Appetite Suppressants – Overview & Facts.
JAMA Network Open. Comparative Effectiveness of Prescription Weight Loss Drugs (2021).